Lasting four minutes and thirty-eight seconds, the magnitude 9.2 Two types of tsunamis were produced by this subduction zone earthquake. On March 27, 1964 at 5:36 PM (Alaska Time), an earthquake that lasted 4 minutes and 37 seconds, struck south central Alaska; it was the strongest earthquake ever recorded in the United States, measuring 8.4 on the Richter Scale and 9.2 on the Moment Magnitude Scale.
The old town site of Valdez was abandoned, with reconstruction taking place on stable ground nearby. U.S. Geological Survey
A number of houses were undercut or tilted by subsidence of the graben. The wave swept in from the lower left and towards upper right, pushing and smashing everything in its way.Chaotic condition of the commercial section of Kodiak following inundation by seismic sea waves. The epicenter was about 10 km east of the mouth of College Fiord, approximately 90 km west of Valdez and 120 km east of Anchorage. Instability and vulnerability to future tsunamis made the old town site too dangerous to rebuild, so the town was relocated several miles west to more stable ground, and rebuilt.Chaos on the waterfront in Seward, burned-out vehicles and rail cars strewn across the ruined rail yard.A mother stands watch as her child plays in a puddle of water near her earthquake-shattered home in Kodiak, Alaska in March of 1964.Tsunami damage and high-water line at Seward. Geological Survey
AP Photo (Valdez, Alaska) 1964-1964. AP Photo
Note the “scalloped” shoreline left by the underwater landslides, the severed tracks in the railroad yard which dangle over the landslide scarp, and the wind row-like heaps of railroad cars and other debris thrown up by the tsunami waves.Smoke rises high into the Alaska sky from burning oil tanks in Whittier, on March 30, 1964.The Four Seasons Apartments in Anchorage was a six-story lift-slab reinforced concrete building which collapsed during the earthquake. The epicenter was about 10 km east of the mouth of College Fiord, approximately 90 km west of Valdez and 120 km east of Anchorage. The tsunami waves washed the snow from the lower slopes of the hillsides, and the height of the highest wave is marked by the sharp “snow line” on the hillside behind and just above the rooftop at left center.The roof of a structure dragged into an Alaskan bay after the 1964 earthquake.Support columns punched through the deck of the Twentymile River Bridge, as it collapsed during the earthquake, near Turnagain Arm on Cook Inlet.
Afterwards, geologists realized subduction zones—areas where two tectonic plates (huge slabs of rock made of the earth’s crust and upper mantle) meet and one bends under the other—played a major role in creating the immense Alaskan quake.
https://archives.consortiumlibrary.org/collections/specialcollections/hmc-0051/Saucier, Heather (April 2014).
The quake was a reported XI on the modified Mercalli Intensity scale “indicating major structural damage, and ground fissures and failures”.
The small boat harbor contained an estimated 160 crab and salmon fishing boats when the waves struck.A view of the destruction of Valdez, Alaska. The 1964 Alaskan earthquake, also known as the Great Alaskan earthquake and Good Friday earthquake, occurred at 5:36 PM AKST on Good Friday, March 27.
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